Volume XI, Number 1: Spring 1994

Thursday, November 5th, 2009

Harold Isaacs, Editor

Volume XI, Number 1: Spring 1994

The Third World and Prospects for Development
in a Changing International Environment
Foreword 9
Economic Reform, Open Door and the Rise of Provincial Power
By Shizhang Hu		 14
Pakistan’s Personnel Administration in ‘Disjointed Time’
By Garth N. Jones		 44
An Economic Analysis of the Determinants of Primary School Expenditures in Cameroon
By Tafah-Edokat E.O.		 75
Another Cinema, Another World, Another Society
By Tomas Gutierrez Alea		 90
The Collapse of the Salvadorean State
By Rodolfo Cardenal		 114
In the Shining Path of Mariategui, Mao Zedong or Presidente Gonzalo? Peru’s Sendero Luminoso in Historical Perspective
By Daniel Masterson		 154
Other Papers
The Contributions of Philip Curtin and the “Wisconsin School” to the Study and Promotion of Comparative World History
By Craig A. Lockard		 180
Democracy, Community, and Human Development
By Gary Kline		 224
The Industrial Development in the PRC: Current Condition and Future Prospects
By Kong Chu		 245
Overseas Chinese Dissident Movement: The Search for a Role in History
By Peng Deng		 251
Issues in Official Development Assistance to Vietnam
By Robert L. Curry, Jr.		 262
Gender, Ethnicity and Political Participation: A Case Study of Women in the Tamilnadu Legislative Assembly
By Sudha Ratan		 282
The National Conference as an Instrument of Democratization in Francophone Africa
By John F. Clark		 304
Madagascar: The Collapse of an Experiment
By Eliphas G. Mukonoweshuro		 336
Ethnic Organizations: Integration and Assimilation Vs. Segregation and Cultural Preservation with Specific Reference to the Iranians in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area
By Ebrahim BiParva 369
Ethnicity and Democracy in Guyana
By Chaitram Singh		 405
Book Reviews

ASIA
MICHAEL C. HOWARD (ed.). Asia’s Environmental Crisis.
By Robert Lawless		 424
WILLIAM R. NESTER. Japan and the Third World: Patterns, Power, Prospects.
By Thomas W. Burkman		 427
GANG DENG. Development Versus Stagnation: Technological Continuity and Agricultural Progress in Pre-Modern China.
By Louise R. Wilde		 430
DOUGLAS ALLEN (ed.). Religion and Political Conflict in South Asia: India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
By Rodger D. Long		 434
B.R. TOMLINSON. The New Cambridge History of India III/3: The Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970.
By Feroz Ahmad		 438
SUMA CHITNIS AND PHILIP G. ALTBACH (eds.). Higher Education Reform in India.
By Sudha Ratan		 441
RAJESWARI SUNDER RAJAN (ed.). The Lie of the Land: English Literary Studies in India.
By Heather T. Frazer		 444
R. BATES GILL. Chinese Arms Transfers: Purposes, Patterns, and Prospects in the New World Order.
By Sharon Tracy		 447
K.S. JOMO (ed.). Industrializing Malaysia: Policy, Performance, Prospects.
By Robert L. Curry, Jr.		 449
FREDRICK BARTH. Balinese Worlds
By Garth N. Jones		 451
SULTAN HAFEEZ RAHMAN. Macroeconomic Performance, Stabilization and Adjustment: The Experience of Bangladesh in the 1980s.
By Tanweer Akram		 455

AFRICA
BEVERLY G. HAWK (ed.). Africa’s Media Image.
By Stephen E. Buggie		 458
BEVERLY G. HAWK (ed.). Africa’s Media Image.
By Tendayi S. Kumbula		 460
ABDULLAHI AHMED AN-NA’IM AND FRANCES M. DENG (eds.). Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives.
By Stephen E. Buggie and Stephanie B. Dowdy		 466
R. HUNT DAVIS, JR. (ed.). Apartheid Unravels.
By Karl P. Magyar		 469
STEVEN L. VARNIS. Reluctant Aid or Aiding the Reluctant?
By Getachew Metaferia		 474
JEAN MARIE ALLMAN. The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana.
By Ngozi Caleb Kamalu		 477
AMOS J. BEYAN. The American Colonization Society and the Creation of the Liberian State: A Historical Perspective, 1822-1990.
By Santosh Saha		 479
JOSHUA B. FORREST. Guinea-Bissau: Power, Conflict and Renewal in a West African Nation.
By Laura Boudon		 482
R. ENGELMAN (ed.). Small Business Management.
By G.S. Namusonge		 485

MIDDLE EAST
SIMON BROMLEY. Rethinking Middle East Politics.
By Nader Entessar		 488
DAN TSCHIRGI (ed.). The Arab World Today.
By Jacob Abadi		 492
MOSHE EFRAT AND JACOB BERCOVITCH (ed.). Superpowers and Client States in the Middle East: The Imbalance of Influence.
By Michael B. Bishku		 496
ILIYA HARIK AND DENIS J. SULLIVAN (eds.). Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East.
By Rudy T. Zarzar		 499
MATTI MOOSA. Extremist Shiites, the Ghulat Sects.
By Antoine J. Abraham		 502
ZVI ELPELEG. The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin-al Hussaini, Founder of the Palestine National Movement.
By Louis Farshee		 503
ORAYB AREF NAJJAR. Portraits of Palestinian Women.
By Katherine Rahman		 508
KEITH MCLACHLAN. The Neglected Garden: Politics and Ecology of Agriculture in Iran.
By Robert E. Looney		 512
JUAN R.I. COLE. Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt’s Urabi Movement.
By Vernon Egger		 515
NADIM SHEHADI AND DANA HAFFAR MILLS. Lebanon: A History of Conflict and Consensus.
By Antoine J. Abraham		 519
MEHRDAD R. IZADY. The Kurds: A Concise Handbook.
By Steven S. Sallie		 520
KARL PIERAGOSTINI. Britain, Aden and South Arabia Abandoning Empire.
By Jacob Abadi		 521
PHILIP ROBINS. Turkey and the Middle East.
By Michael B. Bishku		 525
JENNY B. WHITE. Money Makes Us Relatives: Women’s Labor in Urban Turkey.
By Paul J. Magnarella		 527
ARLENE ELOWE MACLEOD. Accomodating Protest: Working Women, the New Veiling, and Change in Cairo.
By Vernon Egger		 529
AKBARALI THOBHANI. Islam’s Quiet Revolutionary: The Story of Aga Khan IV.
By Nizar A. Motani		 532

LATIN AMERICA
PAUL W. ZAGORSKI. Democracy vs. National Security: Civil-Military Relations in Latin America.
By Jill M. Severe		 538
JAMES PETRAS AND MORRIS MORLEY. Latin America in the Time of Cholera: Electoral Politics, Market Economics, and Permanent Crisis.
By Dennis D. Murphy		 541
ANGELA D. BYRE AND BEVERLEY Y. BYFIELD (eds.). International Human Rights Law in the Commonwealth Caribbean.
By Ivelaw L. Griffith		 543
TIMOTHY P. WICKHAM-CROWLEY. Guerrillas & Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes Since 1956.
By Lee Pennington		 545
RODERIC AI CAMP. Politics in Mexico.
By Paul L. Simon		 548
ROBERT M. LEVINE. Vale of Tears, Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893-1897.
By Thomas Whigham		 549
ROBERT J. ALEXANDER. Juscelino Kubitschek and the Development of Brazil.
By William L. Cumiford		 551
JANE M. RAUSCH. The Llanos Frontier in Colombia History, 1830-1930.
By John J. Winberry		 555
THOMAS C. DALTON. Everything Within the Revolution: Cuban Strategies for Social Development Since 1960.
By Dale T. Graden		 558
SHERRIE L. BAVER. The Political Economy of Colonialism: The State and Industrialization in Puerto Rico.
By Martin J. Collo		 561
HAROLD K. STEEN AND RICHARD P. TUCKER (eds.). Changing Tropical Forests.
By Daniel B. Good		 564

MISCELLANEOUS
SYLVIA WOODBY AND MARTHA L. COTTAM (eds.). The Changing Agenda: World Politics Since 1945.
By Jeffrey M. Ebenstein		 566
PAUL J. MAGNARELLA. Human Materialism: A Model of Sociocultural Systems and a Strategy for Analysis.
By Gary Kline		 567
JULIE FISHER. The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development and the Nongovernmental Movement in the Third World.
By Lewis A. Mennerick		 571
ELINOR OSTROM, LARRY SCHROEDER AND SUSAN WYNNE. Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective.
By Rolin Mainuddin		 577
DERICK W. BRINKERHOFF. Improving Development Program Performance, Guidelines for Managers: Studies in Development Management.
By Saundra L. Casey		 579
THOMAS G. WEISS (ed.). Collective Security in a Changing World: Emerging Global Issues.
By Jeffrey M. Ebenstein		 581
THOMAS G. WEISS AND JAMES G. BLIGHT (eds.). The Suffering Grass: Superpowers and Regional Conflict in Southern Africa and the Caribbean.
By Andrew Gottlieb		 583
JOHN M. MARTIN AND ANNE T. ROMANO. Multinational Crime: Terrorism, Espionage, Drug & Arms Trafficking.
By Donald Simmons and Brian K. Payne		 587
JAMES VALENTINE (ed.). Urban and Regional Development in Third World Countries: Problems of Population in Developing Nations.
By Sean McCluskie and Robert P. Watson		 589
HARRY T. DIMITRIOU (ed.). Transport Planning for Third World Cities.
By Victor C. Ortloff		 596
DAVID H. LUMSDAINE. Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-1989.
By Rolin Mainuddin		 598
YORMA DINSTEIN AND MALA TABORY (eds.). The Protection of Minorities and Human Rights.
By Daniel C. Turack		 600
MICHAEL L. BUDDE. The Two Churches: Catholicism and Capitalism in the World System.
By Jeanne L. Friedman		 604
RITA S. GALLIN, ANNE FERGUSON AND JANICE HARPER (eds.). The Women and International Development Annual, Volume 3.
By Mehrangiz Nagafizadeh		 606
DAVID GOODMAN AND MICHAEL REDCLIFT. Refashioning Nature: Food, Ecology, and Culture.
By Robert Lawless		 613
TONY ALLEN AND ANDREW WARREN (eds.). Deserts: The Encroaching Wilderness, A World Conservation Atlas.
By G. Wesley Burnett		 616
HANS LINNEMANN (eds.). South-South Trade Preferences: The GSTP and Trade in Manufacturers.
By Rolin Mainuddin		 619
Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Association of Third World Studies, Inc.
Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, October 7-9, 1993
Events and Presidential Awards
 622
In Memoriam
 627
Books Available for Review
 630

Volume XI, Number 2: Fall 1994

Third World Crises
Foreword 10
Africa After More than Thirty Years of Independence: Still Poor and Deprived
By John Mukum Mbaku		 13
Regional Characteristics of Political Violence and Refugee Situations: A Study of Four Refugee-Generating African Countries
By Assefaw Bariagaber		 59
Second Phase of China’s Economic Reform: Crossing the Rubicon Divide?
By Taifa Yu		 82
The Peruvian Army in War and Peace: 1980-1992
By George L. Vasquez		 100
The Lebanon War, in Retrospect and Prospect
By A.J. Abraham		 117
Reflections on the Immaterial Conditions of Development
By Gary Kline		 151
Other Papers
The Role of the Semitic Peoples in the Expansion of the World Economy Via the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Literature Extraction and an Interpretation
By Steven S. Sallie		 166
U.S. Aid to the Third World: Testing Aid Theories and Programs of the 1980s
By Robert P. Watson and Sean McCluskie		 202
The Chinese Community in South Vietnam During the Second Indochina War
By Michael Share		 240
Vietnam’s External Institutional Options: ASEAN, APEC and PECC
By Robert L. Curry, Jr.		 266
Defense Expenditures, Investment and Crowding Out: Problems of Capital Formation in Pakistani Manufacturing
By Robert E. Looney		 292
Stifling Capitalism in Rural Africa: The Gusii Coffee Industry in Kenya, 1932-1949
By Robert M. Maxon		 317
Smallholder Farmers’ Resources and the Application of Social and Cultural Practices in Traditional Farming in the Southern Sudan
By S.J. Dima		 351
Analysis of Public Sector Earnings Profiles and Implications for Human Capital Investment and Utilization: A Case Study of Cameroon
By Tafah – Edokat E.O.		 386
Labor in Costa Rica’s Gold Mines, 1900-1940
By Avi Chomsky		 407
The Kurdish Factor in Turkish Foreign Policy
By Michael M. Gunter		 440
Review Article
The Challenges Facing Haiti (and the United States)
By Robert Lawless		 473
Book Reviews and Review Essays

ASIA
JUDE HOWELL. China Opens Its Doors: The Politics of Economic Transition.
By Peng Deng		 500
MIRIAM K. MILLS AND STUART S. NAGEL (eds.). Public Administration in China.
By Shizhang Hu		 504
RICHARD HARVEY BROWN AND WILLIAM T. LIU (eds.). Modernization in East Asia: Political, Economic, and Social Perspectives.
By Sharon Tracy		 507
MARTIN GREEN. Gandhi: Voice of a New Age Revolution.
By Santosh C. Saha		 510
JULIA LESLIE (ed.). Roles and Rituals for Hindu Women.
By Mitali R. Pati		 514
ABDUL AZIZ. Decentralized Planning: The Karnataka Experiment.
By James Biedzynski		 516
BEN KIERNAN (ed.). Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, The United Nations and The International Community.
By William M. Leary		 517
PETER DE BENEDITTIS. Guam’s Trial of the Century: News, Hegemony, and Rumor in an American Colony.
By Garth N. Jones		 520
VICTORIA A. LOCKWOOD. Tahitian Transformation: Gender and Capitalist Development in a Rural Society.
By Robert Lawless		 525

AFRICA
APRIL A. GORDON AND DONALD L. GORDON (eds.). Understanding Contemporary Africa.
By Kingsley E. Esedo		 527
ABDULLAHI AHMED AN-NA’IM AND FRANCIS M. DENG (eds.). Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives.
By Stephen E. Buggie and Stephanie B. Dowdy		 530
MARTIN STANILAND. American Intellectuals and African Nationalists, 1955-1970.
By Richard Dale		 533
JULIUS O. IHONVBERE. Nigeria: The Politics of Adjustment & Democracy.
By Prosper D. Bani		 536
NIGEL WORDEN. The Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid.
By Laura E. Boudon		 539
THOMAS BORSTELMANN. Apartheid’s Reluctant Uncle: The United States and South Africa in the Early Cold War.
By David T. Jervis		 542
LIONEL CLIFFE. The Transition to Independence in Namibia.
By Kenneth W. Grundy		 544
MANTHIA DIAWARA. African Cinema.
By Irungu Munene		 550
AKINTUNDE O. OBILADE (ed.). Women in Law.
By A.B. Assensoh and Y.M. Alex-Assensoh		 552
ESTHER K. HICKS. Infibulation: Female Mutilation in Islamic Northeastern Africa.
By Brian M. du Toit		 557
RENE DEVISCH. Weaving the Threads of Life: The Khita Gyn-Ecological Healing Cult Among the Yaka.
By Robert Lawless		 560
SUSAN LOWERRE. Under the Neem Tree.
By Louise M. Bourgualt		 562
REVIEW ESSAY:
SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
GEOFFREY WHITEHEAD. Book-keeping and Accounting;
DAVID ROYALL AND MIKE HUGHES. Computerization in Business;
MAUREEN BENNETT. Managing Growth;
ROGER BEENTT. Small Business Survival;
JOHN KELLY. Purchasing for Profit;
KAVEN LANZ. Hiring and Firing: Employing and Managing People;
JOHN C. LAMBDEN AND DAVID TAGGET. Small Business Finance;
WILLIAM LOVELL. Understanding VAT;
ALAN WEST. A Business Plan;
BILL RICHARDSON, ET AL. Case Studies in Business Planning: Lecturer’s Guide;
COLLIN BARROW AND PAUL BARRON. The Business Plan Workbook; and
PETER G. ODENG. How to Start Your Own Small Business.
By G.S. NAMUSONGE 565

LATIN AMERICA
SARAH A. RADCLIFFEE AND SALLIE WESTWOOD (eds.). Viva: Women and Popular Protest in Latin America.
By Rosario Espinal		 570
PAUL GOOTENBERG. Imagining Development: Economic Ideas in Peru’s “Fictitious Prosperity” of Guano, 1840-1880.
By Thomas Whigham		 574
RIORDAN ROETT (ed.). Political and Economic Liberalization in Mexico: At a Critical Juncture?
By Mary A. Watrous		 576
JOHN A. BOOTH AND THOMAS W. WALKER. Understanding Central America.
By Avi Chomsky		 582
REVIEW ESSAY:
THE IMPOSSIBLE REVOLUTION: THE APRA IN POWER, 1985-1990
JOHN CRABTREE. Peru Under Garcia: An Opportunity Lost;
CAROL GRAHAM. Peru’s APRA: Parties, Politics and the Elusive Quest for Democracy;
JAMES D. RUDOLPH. The Evolution of a Crisis.
By George L. Vasquez 587
REVIEW ESSAY:
THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF BRAZIL
RICHARD GRAHAM. Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth Century Brazil;
JEFFREY D. NEEDELLA. A Tropical Belle Epoque.
By Lydia Garner 599

MIDDLE EAST
HEATHER DEEGAN. The Middle East and Problems of Democracy.
By Michael M. Gunter		 606
HALIM BARAKAT. The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State.
By Tamara Sonn		 608
ASGHAR SCHIRAZI. Islamic Development Policy: The Agrarian Question in Iran.
By Chris Furlow		 612
FRANK A. CLEMENTS. Arab Regional Organizations.
By Sohail Hashmi		 615
HOOSHANG AMIRAHMADI AND NADER ENTESSAR (eds.). Iran and the Arab World.
By Sohail Hashmi		 615
P.J. VATIKOTIS. The History of Modern Egypt: From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak.
By A.J. Abraham		 618
MICHAEL CROUCH. An Element of Luck: To South Arabia and Beyond.
By Vernon Egger		 619
ALON LIEL. Turkey in the Middle East: Oil, Islam and Politics.
By Jacob Abadi		 622
ATILA ERALP, MUHARREM TUNAY AND BIROL YESILADA. The Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey.
By Paul J. Magnarella		 625
DAVID A. KORN. Assassination in Khartoum.
By James Biedzynski		 626

MISCELLANEOUS
MITCHELL A. SELIGSON AND JOHN T. PASSE-SMITH (eds.). Development and Underdevelopment: The Political Economy of Inequality.
By Ruben Berrios		 629
BRET L. BILLET. Modernization Theory and Economic Development: Discontent in the Developing World.
By Floyd M. Mast		 633
CHARLES DAVID KLEYMEYER. Cultural Expression and Grass-roots Development.
By Mitchell S. Rothman		 635
D.A. LOW. Eclipse of Empire.
By George L. Simpson, Jr.		 640
DIANA TUSSIE AND DAVID CLOVER. The Developing Countries in World Trade.
By Bernard D. Williams		 643
DONALD BOBIASH. South-South Aid: How Developing Countries Help Each Other.
By Rolin Mainuddin		 645
STEPHEN DEVEREUX AND JOHN HODDINOTT (eds.). Fieldwork in Developing Countries.
By Christopher B. Barrett		 647
FREDERICK COOPER, FLORENCIA MALLON, STEVE STERN, ALLEN ISAACMAN, AND WILLIAM ROSEBERRY. Confronting Historical Paradigms: Peasants, Labor and the Capitalist World System in Africa and Latin America.
By Erick Ching 649
MARTIN HART-LANDSBERG. The Rush to Development: Economic Change and Political Struggle in South Korea.
By Stewart Sutley		 653
NIGEL HARRIS. City, Class and Trade: Social and Economic Change in the Third World.
By Santosh C. Saha		 662
GEOFFREY REEVES. Communications and the “Third World.”
By Barry King		 665
FRED J. RUPPEL AND EARL D. KELLOGG (eds.). National and Regional Self-Sufficiency Goals: Implications for International Agriculture.
By Christopher B. Barrett		 670
DICKSON A. MUNGAZI. Educational Policy and National Character: Africa, Japan, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
By Laura E. Boudon		 675
PHILIP ALTBACH (ed.). Publishing and Development in the Third World.
By Abdel-Qader Yassine		 677
MARC WILLIAMS. Third World Cooperation: The Group of 77 in UNCTAD.
By Frank Khachina Matanga		 680
JOHN FRIEDMANN. Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development.
By Frank Khachina Matanga		 685
GEORGE J. BORJAS AND RICHARD B. FREEMAN (eds.). Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas.
By Robert Lawless		 689
CONSTANCE M. MCCORKLE (ed.). Plants, Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research.
By Robert Lawless		 690
SALLY SONTHEIMER (ed.). Women and the Environment.
By Kembo Sure		 693
TED ROBERT GURR. Minorities at Risk.
By S.J. Raphalides		 698
JAMES AXTELL. Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America.
By James Biedzynski		 703
WALTER CONNOR. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding.
By Paul J. Magnarella		 705
ROBERT MYERS. The Twelve Who Survive: Strengthening Programs of Early Childhood Development in the Third World.
By Stephen E. Buggie 707
REVIEW ESSAY:
OPEC: IS IT AN OIL CARTEL?
ABBAS ALNASRAWI. OPEC in a Changing World Economy;
GEOFFREY HEAL AND GRACIELA CHICHILNISKY. Oil and the International Economy;
GEORG KOOPMANN, KLAUS MATTHIES AND BEATE RESZAT. Oil and the International Economy: Lessons from Two Price Shocks;
RAJENDRA K. PACHAURI. The Political Economy of Global Energy;
IAN SKEET. OPEC: Twenty-five Years of Prices and Politics.
By Rolin G. Mainuddin 710
REVIEW ESSAY:
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT: FROM INVISIBILITY TO EMPOWERMENT
LESLIE J. CALMAN. Toward Empowerment: Women and Movement Politics in India;
JOYCELIN MASSIAH (ed.). Women in Developing Economies: Making Visible the Invisible;
MEREDETH TURSHEN AND BRIAVEL HOLCOMB (eds.). Women’s Lives and Public Policy: The International Experience.
By Elisabeth Prugl 716
Books Available for Review
 723